Presentation and Emergent Considerations

General Presentation....................................................................................................................................1 2 Table 1 Congenital Heart Conditions..........................................................................................................2 Questions to Ask..........................................................................................................................................2 Table 2 PQRSTAAA Mnemonic Approach to Chest Pain...........................................................................3 Table 3 Signs and Symptoms of Rightand Leftsided Heart Failure........................................................4 Common Differential Diagnoses.................................................................................................................4 Determining the differential diagnosis requires a sufficient cardiac history, and the list of differentials can change significantly based on the patient’s age...........................................................................4 Table 4 Differential Diagnosis based on Cardiac History...........................................................................4 Physical Exam, Investigations, and Complications.....................................................................................5 PHYSICAL EXAM AND COMPLICATIONS...................................................................................5 Table 5 Physical Exam Findings and Complications for Congenital Heart Diseases.................................5 INVESTIGATIONS.............................................................................................................................6 References...................................................................................................................................................6 Minor Sources..............................................................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................................6